Part 7: Periodontal & t Abstract

: In Part 7 of e are examined in the role of Periodontal and Implant Care, both in the dental practice environment, and in the at-home easing body of research and evidence to support the use of ozone in both nt extracts to control and eliminate infection, to control y supporting structures of bone and soft tissue. Part 2: The Chemistry of Ozon Part 3: Part 4: The Chemistry of Ozone in W The Chemistry of Ozone in Pla Part 5: Dental Unit Water Lines (DUWL’s Part 6: Part 7: Oral Hygiene & Infection Control Periodontal & Implant Care Part 8: Disinfection in Dental Practice Part 9: At-Home Care & Patient Complian Implan Care. Ozonated Liquids in Dental Practice, the uses of ozon setting. There is an incr gas form and dissolved in water or pla wound management, and maintain health Introduction. Fig 07.01 shows an integrated implant: peri-implantitis – periodontal disease around an implant – has lead to bone loss on the mesial surface of the implant - bone interface. Fig 07.01 © Dr J Holmes 2008 The arrow in Fig 07.02 points to the deepest part of the pocket. infection and bone tissue ntegration and health. Traditional teaching formation and re-attachment this scenario, the soft tissue is reflected, the complex coating on the implant is removed, and tly soft tissue tattoos. he use of ozone around implants is supported by published research showing that ozone not only rea with ozone as the treatment plan is plemented stage by stage. Set the CMU3 unit to the ’10-Minute’ setting. bleeding, if resent, and allow supporting bone tissue regeneration. der the bar, and soft ssues with the appropriate ozonated oils. Water Sanitiser at home to continue the eatment and oral hygiene control. Set the Water Sanitiser Unit to the ’10-Minute’ setting to Fig 07.02 © Dr J Holmes 2008 As implant surfaces become more complex to enhance bone integration, loss is more complex to treat and achieve tissue re-i suggests that the pocket cannot be treated to allow new bone tissue of bone to the implant surface. In the surface polished. The result is, in essence, a long polished healing collar, and a more complex area for the patient to maintain. Also a large amount of heat is created in this process with titanium powder and metal particles. The heat may cause bone necrosis and implant loss. The metal particles will cause unsigh The use of ozone and ozonated liquids allows a simple sterilisation of the failing implant surface. Once access to the area of dehiscence is obtained and gross infected tissue has been removed, ozone can be used to sterilise the implant surface. Then bone grafting can be applied, and after healing, ozone used to maintain an infection-free area. T effectively sterilises the surfaces of both the implant and bone, but also switches on the reparative mechanisms allowing tissue regeneration around implant surfaces (Low et al 2006). Use the CMU3 to ‘irrigate’ the peri-implant pocket a im Attach an Ultradent tip to the CMU3 Clinical Tip, and introduce this into the soft tissue pocket. ‘Irrigate’ each pocket for up to 2 minutes. This will reduce pain and soft tissue p Use the LT-Ozonated Oil range. Irrigate around the implant head and un ti Use the Lime Technologies Water Sanitiser Unit to make ozonated water to maintain oral hygiene. The Patient can use the Lime Technologies tr make ozonated water at home and in your practice. Use the CMU3 to ‘irrigate the treatment area with ozone as the treatment plan is implemented stage by stage. Set the CMU3 unit to the ’60-Second’ setting for treatment on teeth, and to the ’10-Minute’ setting when irrigating periodontal tissue pockets. Figs 07.03 & Fig 07.04, show a full mouth rehabilitation with implant-supported crown & bridge units. The full arch reconstruction is split into a number of 3- and 2-unit crown & bridge components. ments in place, and r technical work in place. Within the treatment time, she ility to clean around the implant heads and micro brushes around all teeth. he embrasures were left wide enough to allow the brushes access into the interproximal areas. The upper arch implants are shown in Fig 07.03 with all the prosthetic attach access sealed with light-cured composite. Fig 07.04 shows the uppe Oral hygiene was going to become an issue for this elderly lady. began to suffer from arthritis, limiting her ab embrasures. The patient was instructed to use ozonated fluids on T By exerting a small pressure on the gingival tissue, the interdental papillae were recreated, and later contoured with electro-surgery. This also created areas that were more difficult for the patient to maintain. Ozone and ozonated fluids were used to control and manage the healing phase of all surgery procedures, and in routine hygiene maintenance. Fig 07.04 © Dr J Holmes 2008 Fig 07.03 © Dr J Holmes 2008 Lower Molar Use the CMU3 to ‘irrigate’ the peri-implant pocket area with ozone as the treatment plan is ttach an Ultradent tip to the CMU3 Clinical Tip, and introduce this into the soft tissue pocket. se the Lime Technologies Water Sanitiser Unit to make ozonated water to maintain oral e Water Sanitiser Unit to the ’10-Minute’ setting to ake ozonated water at home and in your practice. cannot be stressed too much or often enough, that it is the dental practitioner’s responsibility to debris and tissue infection around an plant-retained bar. ale patient. espite numerous Sadly, this not only shows the failure of the practitioner to assess and select suitable patients, but also illustrates the lack of understanding concerning implants. implemented stage by stage. Set the CMU3 unit to the ’10-Minute’ setting. A ‘Irrigate’ each pocket for up to 2 minutes. This will reduce pain and soft tissue bleeding, if present, and allow supporting bone tissue regeneration. Use the LT-Ozonated Oil range. Irrigate around the implant head and under the bar, and soft tissues with the appropriate ozonated oils. U hygiene. The Patient can use the Lime Technologies Water Sanitiser at home to continue the treatment and oral hygiene control. Set th m Implants present a special scenario to the patient’s oral environment and a special challenge to maintain healthy alveolar tissue to support and retain the implant and its prosthetic restoration. It assess the level of oral care training and maintenance a patient requires, and the suitability of the patient for implants. Fig 07.05 showing Fig 07.05 © Dr J Holmes 2008 Fig 07.06 Lower Molar © Dr J Holmes 2008 im The patient is reported to have said that as cost was not a problem, if the treatment failed, he would just have it repeated. Fig 07.06 shows a similar case in a 19-year old fem D repeated attempts to encourage oral hygiene, she failed to comply, and the implants were subsequently lost. Use the LT-Ozonated Oil range. Irrigate around the implant head and under the bar, and soft tissues with the appropriate ozonated oils. Fig 07.08 © Dr J Holmes 2008 Fig 07.07 © Dr J Holmes 2008 Fig 07.09 to the ’10-Minute’ setting to make ozonated water in our practice. Ozonated water can be used to rinse and wash the injured tissue, as well as is location. central teeth. The igate the rgery site during In this last case (Fig 07.09), an upper right 1st molar is to be extracted. history of episodic pain associated with this tooth, and it is non-vital. Use the Lime Technologies Home Water Sanitiser Unit (LT-HWU3) to make ozonated water to maintain oral hygiene. Set the LT-HWU3 y maintain oral health. Patients can use the LT-HWU3 unit at home to make ozonated water to brush with, sterilise their tooth brushes and use ozonated water as part of their hygiene cycle. Without the supporting tissues, which will be lost by the developing periodontal disease around these two implants, the implants will be lost, and it will not be possible to replace the implants in th Fig 07.07 shows a patient with missing upper acrylic denture has lead to labiopalatal width for implant placement. Upper laterals are to be veneered due to failing composite restorations. All other upper teeth are unrestored. Ozonated water was used to irr su tooth removal and implant site preparation. Fig 07.08 shows the case with the upper left implant in place, before the upper right central is removed. The patient has a long © Dr J Holmes 2008 Ozone is used in gas form to sterilise the socket once the molar is re water, once the bone cavity is surgically cleaned of all debris and granulation ti moved, and as ozonated ssue (Fig 07.10). Ozonated water is used during the implant site preparation surgery, and to sterilise the implant before insertion. Once the implant has een placed, the x-ray (Fig oved and an implant placed in this site. The definitive technical work has been placed on #17 and Fig 07.10 © Dr J Holmes 2008 Fig 07.11 © Dr J Holmes 2008 Fig 07.12 © Dr J Holmes 2008 Fig 07.13 © Dr J Holmes 2008 b wound sutured and post-operative instructions given, the patient was instructed to use ozonated fluids around the healing site. Either ozonated oils or water can be used. The patient presented about 5 months later complaining of a slight swelling under the transitional bridge. The PA 07.12) shows the cover screw has loosen and unscrewed – despite being covered with gingival tissue. Fig 07.13 shows the stage before the upper second premolar was rem #16. Oral Hygiene and Implant Retained Dentures. Fig 07.14 shows two implant heads with ball prosthetic attachments to se may present potential problem areas where debris collects, and is difficult for the ebris ill collect in the soft ssue and ridge areas on e fitting surface of the wer (and upper where tted) denture. Fig 07.16 shows the same patient with the ball attach ents changed for a splinting bar attachment. Both implants are now held rigidly, and the denture is m mouth. However, this also means that cleaning under the bridge is m skills have to be learned by the patient to maintain oral health, and pre around the implants. Ozonated fluids can be used to lubricate the attachments, and around the implant head. This will elp to ease placement and removal where the patient has poor muscle strength, reduce tissue fection and swelling around the implant abutment, and maintain tissue health. Fig 07.14 © Dr J Holmes 2008 secure a lower denture. The patient to remove.. Fig 07.15 shows the lower denture with ball attachment clasps. D Fig 07.15 © Dr J Holmes 2008 w ti th lo fi ore stable in the patient’s ore difficult. Additional vent supporting bone loss m h in Fig 07.16 © Dr J Holmes 2008 As the number of implants increases, and the denture becomes more complex, the bars used to support a denture become more complex. In Fig 07.17, a bar with Rine attachments is show ws he fitting surface of the denture with the female part of these attachments. zonated fluids can be used to lubricate the attachments, and around the implant head. This will elp to ease placement and removal where the patient uscle strength, reduce tissue fection and swelling around the implant abutment, a e health. summery, ozone has an important role to play in oral hygiene, both its maintenance and ontrol. or routine oral care for patients with implants. se the LT-Ozonated Oil range. Irrigate around the implant head and under the bar, and soft ssues with the appropriate ozonated oils. The oils can be used at home in the after-care treatment hase by the patient on a regular basis. There are no studies that have ever shown the in use. n. Fig 07.18 sho t Fig 07.17 © Dr J Holmes 2008 Fig 07.18 © Dr J Holmes 2008 O h has poor m in nd maintain tissu In c F U ti p development of microbial resistance. Ozonated Oils and Oil-Gels General Points and Information. Storage. Please refrigerate or keep in a cool, dark place. Do not freeze. Replace the container lid when not Spillage: Clean up oil spills and dispose of carefully. The oils are non-toxic. inflammable under normal conditions and use. Do not pose to heat sources. Directions for use. These products should not be swallowed in large quantities and are not l precautions that should be taken. If in doubt, consult your usual doctor. from 2-3 weeks or longer as determined by the practitioner. There are no reported cases of microbial resistance to e. If in any doubt, contact Dr Julian Holmes at julian@limetechnologies.net or your own medical practitioner who you normally consult with. et. ave a pharmaceutical activity similar to ozone gas, but at a reduced activity level. They are bactericidal, nd dispose of carefully. The oils are non-toxic. Directions for use. These products are not designed to be swallowed. The encapsulated range of ould be taken. If in doubt, consult your usual doctor or Dr Julian Holmes on julian@limetechnologies.net or contact Lime Technologies at www.limetechnologies.net. Gum Tissue Infections: ffected area with cooled boiled or sterile water or hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse. Apply a thin layer of the ozonated oil over the affected skin surface. Seek face. There is no need to cover with a dressing. Container Disposal. Dispose of the containers with care and consideration to your environment. Use a recycling centre if possible. Inflammability. This product is not ex intended for internal use unless specified below. However, they are not toxic, and if swallowed, there are no specia Treatment Duration. For areas of periodontal infections, the treatment time is these products. Healing time is dependant on the age of the patient, the medical status of the patient, and patient complianc Further information is available from the Internet and World Wide Web on www.limetechnologies.n Presentation. Ozonated oils are pure plant extracts, through which pure oxygen and ozone are passed. The plant extracts undergo a chemical reaction to form a thick, viscous oil, or in some cases, a petroleum jelly like product. The final products contain ozonides. These ozonoids h fungicidal, and veridical. The oils are chosen for their innate healing properties, and the ozonides enhance this effect. Storage. Please refrigerate or keep in a cool, dark place. Do not freeze. Replace the container lid when not in use. Spillage. Clean up oil spills a Container Disposal. Dispose of the containers with care and consideration to your environment. Use a recycling centre if possible. Inflammability. This product is not inflammable under normal conditions and use. Do not expose to heat sources. products are intended for internal use. They are not toxic, and if swallowed, there are no special precautions that sh 1. Bacterial: Clean the a dental help if necessary. The patient should be instructed to re-apply every 3-4 hours after recleaning the affected sur Dry Socket: Dry socket is a superficial bone and soft tissue infection, usually following the removal of a tooth or teeth (especially 8’s) but this can occur in any site in the mouth after surgery. It is painful, and can take a long period of time to settle and heal with routine antibiotics. To treat with ozone oils, clean the affected area with cooled boiled or sterile water or hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse. A small syringe with a blunt end, for example the Ultradent 1.2ml syringe with a fine acid etchant ervals. nd, for example the Ultradent 1.2ml syringe with a fine acid etchant delivery tip, is filled with ozonated oil. The syringe tip is introduced into the sinus to its full soap and water, rinse, and dry. Apply a thin layer of the ozonated oil over the fitting surface (the surface that Periodontal Pockets: These oils should be used in conjunction with thorough scale and debris tchant delivery tip, is filled with ozonated oil. The syringe tip is introduced into the periodontal pocket to its full depth, and the oil is nge tip is withdrawn. At no time should the oil be injected into he patient should be instructed in oral hygiene care, and the case reassessed at regular time delivery tip, is filled with ozonated oil. The syringe tip is introduced into the dry socket to its full depth if possible, and the oil is expelled into the socket as the syringe tip is withdrawn. The patient should be sent home with a supply of the oil, syringes, delivery tips, and instructions, and instructed in oral hygiene care, and the case reassessed at regular time int Periapical Sinus: After the nerve tissue is irreparably damaged by trauma or caries, it will die. If this goes undetected, an area of infection at the tip of the root will develop. The drainage pathway is towards the buccal plates and sulcus. Treatment should be combined with RCT (Root Canal Therapy).During RCT, the sinus can be irrigated with ozonated oils. A small syringe with a blunt e depth, and the oil is expelled into the sinus as the syringe tip is withdrawn. The case should be reassessed at regular time intervals. 2. Fungal: eg Denture Sore Mouth: Clean the affected gum tissue surface with cooled boiled or sterile water or hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse. Clean the denture with touches the gum tissue) of the denture and replace. The patient should be instructed to re-apply every 3-4 hours after re-cleaning the affected surface. 3. Viral: eg Lip Herpes: Clean the affected skin surface with cooled boiled or sterile water or hydrogen peroxide. Apply a thin layer of the ozonated oil over the affected lip surface. The patient should be instructed to reapply every 3-4 hours after re-cleaning the affected surface. prophylaxis. They are NOT an alternative to routine professional oral hygiene care. All periodontal pockets should be charted and measurements noted. Points of bleeding and pocket depth should be recorded. After professional prophylaxis, a small syringe with a blunt end, for example the Ultradent 1.2ml syringe with a fine acid e expelled into the pocket as the syri the soft tissue. The aim is to fill the pocket with the ozone oil or gel as an adjunct to debris removal. T intervals. Ozonated oil can be re-applied at 1 week intervals in all cases, or in severe cases, more frequently. Surgery Sites / Surgical Suture Lines: Clean the suture line with cooled boiled or sterile water, or hydrogen peroxide solution. Apply a thin layer of the ozonated oil over the affected skin surface with a suitable instrument, such as a ‘Micro-Brush’. The patient should be instructed to re-apply every 3-4 hours after re-cleaning the affected surface. There is no need to cover, such as with a perio-pack, unless protection from further trauma is required. Dental researchers have started to examine the effects of ozonated fluids in periodontal disease. Huth et al (Huth et al 2007) in their later paper examined the effect of ozone on the influence on e host immune response. These researchers chose the NF-kappaB system, a paradigm for inflammation-associated signaling/transcription. Their results showed that that NF-kappaB ontally damaged eth, was inhibited following incubation with ozonized medium. The Huth 2007 study 007. (Andreozzi et al 2005), progesterone (Barron et al 2006) nd tetracycline (Dalmázio et al 2007). For concern to dentists is that ozone may inactivate the are endocrine isruptors found in resin-based dental restorative materials. Deborde et al (Deborde et al 2005) Recent Published Ozone Research to Support the Use of Ozone in Solution. Huth et al in two papers in 2006 and 2007 (Huth et al 2006, Huth et al 2007) examined the effect of ozone on periodontal tissues. The 2007 paper compared traditional periodontal anti-microbial products with the use of ozonated water. Both papers concluded that ozonated water has an excellent anti-microbial effect. th activity in oral cells in periodontal ligament tissue from root surfaces of period te establishes a condition under which aqueous ozone exerts inhibitory effects on the NF-kappaB system, suggesting that it has an anti-inflammatory capacity (Huth et al 2007). The use of ozonated water in dental ultrasonic systems, such as scalers, sonic preparation systems (KaVo Sonic-Sys, KaVo GmbH, Germany) and air abraision systems would seem to be supported by Huth et al 2006 and Huth et al 2 The use of ozone around implants is supported by published research showing that ozone not only effectively sterilises the surfaces of both the implant and bone, but also switches on the reparative mechanisms allowing tissue regeneration around implant surfaces (Low et al 2006). There are many benefits to control oral hygiene and as a source of sterile water. However, patients should also be informed that there is an interaction of aqueous ozone with antimicrobials. This research has been published, illustrating the importance of potential interactions of dissolved ozone and prescribed anti-microbials. Patients who are taking a course of antibiotics may need to be informed that the use of ozonated water inactivates antibacterial agents (Dodd et al 2006) and in particular amoxicillin a anti-microbial effects of triclosan (Suarez et al 2007). A current topic of debate in dental material science and long term potential effects, d showed endocrine disruptors were destroyed by ozonated water. This paper potentially points towards a pathway to remove these chemicals from the body system after placement of ‘modern’ tooth-coloured or ‘white’ fillings. References: Figures 07.01 to 07.18 © Dr Julian Holmes, 2008. Al Shorman, Abu-Naba'a, Coulter W, Lynch E. Ozone, An Effective Treatment For Dental Unit Water Lines. IADR Abstract 2002. Al Shorman, Abu-Naba'a, Coulter W, Lynch E. Primary Colonization of DUWL by P. aeruginosa and its Eradication by Ozone. IADR Abstract 2003. Andreozzi R, Canterino M, Marotta R, Paxeus N. Antibiotic removal from wastewaters: the oxicillin. J Hazard Mater. 2005 Jul 15;122(3):243-50. ora Z, Remigio AC. Clasificación xicológica del OLEOZON®", Revista CENIC Ciencias Biológicas, 32(1):57-59, 2001. ada AM, González B, Remigio AC. Evaluación del leozon® en ensayo de Toxicidad de Clases. OZ-P-130. be B. Kinetic and mechanistic vestigations of progesterone reaction with ozone. Water Res. 2006 Jun;40(11):2181-9. zone therapy today. J Biol egul Homeost Agents 1996: 10: 31-53 nd periodontitis. Zahnarztl Prax 1991: 42:48–50. tration ozone treatment insufficient to ontrol DUWL biofilm. IADR Abstract 2002. and general s. IADR 2007 Apr;18(4):679-87. Epub 2007 Jan 17. duced oxidation 6-92. íaz M, Hernández F, Alvarez I, Vélez H, Ledea O, Molerio J. "1H-NMR studies of the ozonation of methyl oleate", Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Química, 42(3):349-353, 1997. ozonation of am Arteaga ME, Molerio J, Bada A, González B, Zam to Arteaga ME, Moleiro J, Zamora Z, B O Barron E, Deborde M, Rabouan S, Mazellier P, Legu in Bocci V. 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